| Fantasy art has historical roots in
religion, mythology, and folklore from all over the world. It seems
to be a universal language of images about the mystery of life and
forces unseen. Fantasy art evolved from Greek mythology, African
magic, Chinese folklore, and other sacred traditions, with our museums
full of ancient fantasy art depicting angels, gods, dragons, spirits,
and demons.
Fantasy art comes
from the imagination as much or more than from direct observation
of the real world. Like the word implies, it can be an especially
wild visionary fancy, unreal, capricious, fantastic, and dreamlike.
Having evolved from ancient times, fantasy art has been practiced
by dreamers and imaginative artists, while the art goes in and out
of style.
The Dutch artist Hieronomous Bosch one example of such
an artist who painted like none other in his time. In 1500 he painted
The Garden of Earthly Delights, a triptych of the Garden of Eden
filled with naked people romping with giant fruit, in and out of
glass domes and bird winged houses. He painted sensuous nudes enraptured
by the appeal of the world of the flesh. While he was illustrating
the Original Sin of Adam and Eve and those destined for Hell, there
is an innocence and haunting poetic beauty in his interpretation
of the garden. Bosch is included in most history of art text books,
but he is treated as an exception.
During the twentieth century, fantasy art became more
diversified and accepted as a legitimate style of art making. More
artists could be described as fantasy artists than at any previous
time. The reason for the proliferation and development of fantasy
art was due to a number of factors. First, with modernization and
the invention of photography in the 1800s, realistic representational
art began to lose its direction and purpose.
Realistic, representational art had been championed in Western Art
since classical Roman times.
Artists during the renaissance developed sophisticated painting
techniques to make space appear to recede into the picture frame
with accurate perspective.
However, with the invention of photography in the late 1800s, realism
of this kind was no longer needed. There was no need to make paintings
as records of portraits, ceremonies, historic events. |
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Artists
began to look for greater challenges. For the first time groups
of artists went very different ways as they looked for a new role
for their artwork. Artists turned to expressionism, abstraction,
cubism, fantasy, and surrealism as a means to find greater meaning
and purpose for art. Modern physics was an inspiration to artists
as was modern psychology.
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Artists
began to paint the unseen more and more, that which they had to imagine.
At the turn of the century painters called Impressionists fragmented
their paintings into small brush strokes or dots of color. They were
inspired by the newest science theories about light particles, atoms,
and other unseen elements that are part of all matter in the universe.
Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Cezanne, along with the sculptor Rodin, were
interested in emotion and how the paint stroke, the painting structure,
and the chosen colors express itself in art. The work no longer appeared
to try to look real. They aimed for something different and more
meaningful. Their work was responding to the new science of psychology
as well as to exposure to Asian and African artwork.
The psychologists Sigmund Freud and later, Carl Jung made significant
impact on the way artists viewed the world. They discovered the inner
world, called the unconscious that is real but can't be seen. This
is the topsy turvy, upside-down dream world that shows up at night
in our dreams. This became the material for fantasy artists to explore
images that were dreamlike, disjointed, and symbolic. Painting the
inner world of thoughts and imagination took on new legitimacy with
the discoveries of psychiatry. Fantasy art developed into a Surreal
Art Movement with an emphasis on dream imagery. Salvador Dali, Remedios
Varo, Leonora Carrington, Rene Magritte, Joan Miro, Meret Oppenheim,
Max Ernst, and Jean Arp were called surrealists. Surrealism and fantasy
seem to be one in the same; another version of reality, wild and out
of the ordinary. So how do we differentiate the two? The more playful
the work, the more often it is associated with fantasy and less often
called surreal. For example Marc Chagall and Paul Klee are artists
of fantasy. Frida Kahlo, Louise Bourgeois, Leonora Fini, and Kay Sage
can be described as both fantasy artists and surreal artists. |
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